Journal of Nephrology & Therapeutics

Children with Nephrotic Syndrome Suffer from Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Abstract

Zheng-Kun Xia, Tao Sun, Zhuo Shi, Hongjun Peng, Min Xu, Xiao Yang, Zhongmin Fan, Yuanfu Gao, Chunlin Gao, Jing Li, Xu He and Pei Zhang

Hypercoagulability is a common complication in children with nephrotic syndrome and may cause venous thrombosis. This study explored the effectiveness of urokinase and low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin used in conjunction in seven children with nephrotic syndrome complicated by intracranial venous thrombosis. The urokinase dose was 2,000-4,000 u/kg/day initially, with a pulse dose of 20,000-40,000 u given within 15-30 minutes and the remainder was pump-infused. From day 2, a dose of 2,000 u/kg/day was infused via the pump, and the total course duration was 3 to 7 days. During treatment, thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were tested three times per week, and particular attention was given to any bleeding. LMW heparin was used at a dosage of 100-120 anti-Xa IU/kg once or twice per day, given by abdominal subcutaneous injection for two weeks. The antiplatelet drug, dipyridamole 3-5 mg/kg, was also given orally two or three times per day for three months. In this study, the early use of urokinase, LMW heparin and anti-platelet drugs had good effect, the need for preventive therapy and early diagnosis of this complication in nephrotic syndrome should be given wider clinical consideration.