Jornal de Citologia e Histologia

The most common causes of the unusual oral mucosa growth disorder known as focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) are the HPV strains 13 and 32. Eskimo and Native American children who live in North, South, or Central America are disproportionately affected. Over 90% of patients have HPV, particularly genotypes 13 and 32. Multiple, asymptomatic, 1 to 10 mm flat-topped, verrucous papules that range in colour from white to the neighbouring mucosa are a common presentation. They typically appear on the tongue, lips, gingiva, and oral mucosa. On rare occasions, several distinct papules will combine to produce a bigger lesion that resembles cobblestones. Condyloma is one of the same differential diagnoses for the oral cavity because of the variety in FEH.

This review looks at coprocytobiology, which is defined as a combined method of cell preservation, isolation, and cytology that has applications in the study of noninvasive faecal screening for colorectal cancer. Cell isolation has advanced rapidly in the decade since the field was last reviewed, thanks to the development of technologies such as microfluidic and magnetic cell sorting. With the emergence of novel cytological methods and cell preservation strategies, the landscape of cytology has also advanced during this time. Previous reviews present an outdated and incomplete picture of coprocytobiology, summarising only a few early publications, ignoring the principle of cell preservation, and focusing on a single method of isolation rather than the field as a whole. Unlike these publications, this review provides an updated.

Introduction: With the increasing availability of ultrasound and concern for malignancy, there has been significant increase in the detection of thyroid lesions. Almost all the cases of thyroid lesions are referred for ultrasound. However, there is no uniformity in the reporting pattern amongst radiologists and hence such ultrasound reports are mostly inconclusive to exclude thyroid malignancy. Therefore, most of the patients have to undergo avoidable Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) or Fine Needle Non-Aspiration Cytology (FNNAC). FNNAC or FNAC is invasive technique which is performed in most of the cases of thyroid nodules to ascertain the type of nodules. The sonographic assessment of thyroid nodule can provide can alternative method to this invasive modality of diagnosis. Therefore, the need was felt for establishing uniformity in ultrasound reporting of thyroid nodules and risk stratification for malignancy with aim of reducing unnecessary FNNAC. TIRADS classification brings uniformity in reporting and reduces ambiguity in management of the patients.

Objective: To perform comparative evaluation of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) and cytopathological evaluation of thyroid nodules FNNAC in Indian scenario.

Methodology: Multicentric prospective study was conducted in the department of radio diagnosis and department of surgery at defence service hospitals of Hisar and Jaipur during the study period of 01 July 2017 to 31 March 2018.

Results: Our study shows high degree of correlation between TIRADS classification and cytopathological evaluation of thyroid nodules. Hence TIRADS can be used an effective tool for avoiding unnecessary FNNAC procedures

Background: Thyroid nodules are very commonly encountered in clinical practice and there exists a need to effectively diagnose malignancy. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in the initial evaluation of these patients. However, reports of FNAC samples are limited by subjective error, reporter bias, inter-observer variability, and terminology confusion. The Bethesda System of Reporting of Thyroid Cytology (BSRTC) was developed in 2007 as consensus recommendations to overcome these limitations. Six diagnostic Categories were formed which provided the information regarding the risk of malignancy in each. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the BSRTC in the detection of malignancy at a tertiary referral institute.

Method: A cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study of 110 patients with thyroid swelling, with diagnostic FNAC and underwent surgical intervention at a tertiary care centre between January 2015 and March 2016. The results were obtained by calculating validity parameters (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy) for cytology with respect to histopathology. Rates of malignancy in each category (II, V, and VI) were also calculated.26 cases of Category III lesions were analyzed separately to calculate the rates of malignancy on histopathology in this category

Results: Validity parameters calculated for cytology with respect to histopathology showed sensitivity of 66%, specificity of 88%, positive predictive value of 87%, negative predictive value of 69%, and accuracy of 76%. 20 of the 64 patients in Category II (31%) were diagnosed to be malignant on histopathology. 25 of 29 in Category V lesions (86%), and 16 of the 17 Category VI lesions (94%) were malignant on histopathology. Of the 26 patients in Category III, 12 (46%) were benign and 14 (54%) were malignant

Conclusion: The risk of malignancy in each of the six diagnostic categories should be independently defined at each institution