Jornal de ciência e engenharia de tecidos

Highly proliferative, diverse cells that are proliferating inside an adaptable, changing tumour microenvironment make up cancer. As a result of decades of cancer research, cancer survival rates have greatly increased. The difficulties of simulating the complexity and multicellular foundation of human disease, however, are reflected in the fact that many experimental and preclinical research do not translate to the bedside. Organoids are brand-new, intricate, three-dimensional tissue cultures that are produced from tissue-resident progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or embryonic stem cells. They serve as a close approximation to a physiological model for the study of cancer. Organoids can accurately represent the various genetic, molecular, and pathophysiological characteristics of cancer since they self-organize during development. Additionally, these organoids' relevance in cancer research has expanded thanks to co-culture techniques and the capacity for genetic manipulation.

In two-dimensional culture methods or using animal models, countless investigations pertaining to cellular differentiation, tissue response, and disease modelling have been carried out. The main drawback of this is its applicability for translational or clinical correlations, which has been crucial in understanding the normal and pathological states in cells. Major advancements in organoid culture technology over the past ten years have improved our understanding of simulating organ restoration. Cellular aggregations produced from primary tissues or stem cells that have the ability to self-organize into organotypic structures are often referred to as organoids. Organoids are a better representation of tissue physiology and the cellular milieu of tissues than 2D cell culture platforms.