Jornal de Neurologia Clínica e Neurocirurgia

Craniocervical tumors present a challenging scenario due to their intricate anatomical location and the potential risk of neurological compromise. Surgical management often requires precise stabilization of the craniocervical junction to prevent instability and neurological deterioration. The transoral approach has emerged as a valuable technique for accessing craniocervical lesions while minimizing surgical morbidity. This review explores the role of clivus-cervical stabilization through the transoral approach in patients with craniocervical tumors, highlighting surgical indications, technical considerations, outcomes and complications.

Gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors, exhibit significant heterogeneity in terms of molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes. The identification of biomarkers that can predict patient survival and guide treatment decisions is crucial for improving outcomes in glioma patients. The CSF3R/CD114 gene has been implicated in various cancers, but its role in gliomas remains unclear. This review aims to elucidate the role of CSF3R/CD114 gene expression in gliomas and its implications for patient survival. We summarize current literature on the expression patterns of CSF3R/CD114 in gliomas, its association with clinicopathological features and its prognostic significance. Furthermore, we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of CSF3R/CD114 in glioma progression and therapy resistance. Understanding the role of CSF3R/CD114 in gliomas may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches for glioma patients.

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and lethal form of primary brain tumors, characterized by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance and dismal prognosis. Despite decades of research, the molecular and cellular complexity of gliomas remains incompletely understood, posing significant challenges for effective treatment strategies. In recent years, advances in genomics, molecular profiling and immunotherapy have provided novel insights into the biology of gliomas and potential therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively examines the current understanding of GBM biology, including key genetic alterations, signalling pathways, tumor microenvironment interactions and immune evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic approaches, such as targeted therapies, immunotherapies and precision medicine strategies, are discussed in the context of overcoming therapeutic resistance and improving patient outcomes. By deciphering the intricate biology of GBM and exploring innovative therapeutic modalities, there is hope for revolutionizing the management of gliomas and offering new avenues for personalized and effective treatment.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS) constitute a spectrum of disorders characterized by acute-onset headache, altered sensorium, hypertension, visual field defect and seizures, with radiological features of vasogenic edema particularly in parieto-occipital regions of brain. In PRES, the typical feature is vasogenic cerebral edema which is mostly reversible, while in RCVS, cytotoxic edema may persue resulting from multifocal vasoconstriction, which is also reversible with treatment producing complete recovery. Important causes of PRES are: Hypertension secondary to Preeclampsia/Eclampsia, Infections with or without CNS involvement, may be bacterial or viral, occasionally Herpes simplex encephalitis. Autoimmune disease/SLE. Here we report a woman without history of pregnancy induced hypertension who developed progressive hypertension early post- partum and presented with features of both PRES and RCVS. Early recognition of her illness with clinical and radiological features followed by appropriate treatment led to prompt response and prevented a potential threat to her life.