Jornal de Filogenética e Biologia Evolutiva

Genomic Adaptations to Thermal Tolerance in Extremophiles or Diet Specialization in Herbivores

Abstract

Alina Thornell

Understanding genomic adaptations in extremophiles and diet-specialized herbivores provides critical insights into how organisms evolve to thrive under extreme environmental conditions or highly specialized diets. This study explores the genetic mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance in extremophiles—organisms that endure extreme temperatures—and diet specialization in herbivores that have adapted to particular food sources. By integrating genomic analyses with functional studies, we identify key genetic variations and pathways involved in thermal stress response and dietary adaptation. In extremophiles, adaptations include the evolution of heat-shock proteins and unique membrane compositions that stabilize cellular functions under high temperatures. For diet-specialized herbivores, genetic changes often involve enzymes that metabolize specific plant compounds and adaptations in digestive processes. These findings illuminate the diverse strategies employed by organisms to adapt to their environments and provide a broader understanding of evolutionary processes in extreme and specialized niches.