Journal of Bioengineering & Biomedical Science

Changes in Musculoskeletal Biomechanics with Aging and their Implications for Mobility and Fall Risk

Abstract

Sarah Carlos

Aging brings about profound changes in musculoskeletal biomechanics that significantly impact mobility and increase fall risk among older adults. This review synthesizes current knowledge on these biomechanical changes and discusses their implications for mobility and fall risk. Key biomechanical alterations include reductions in muscle strength, power, and endurance, along with changes in muscle activation patterns and coordination. Skeletal changes, such as bone mineral density loss and alterations in joint mechanics, further contribute to compromised mobility and increased susceptibility to falls. Biomechanical factors influencing balance control, gait mechanics, and postural stability are also explored, highlighting their role in understanding fall risk among older adults. Strategies aimed at enhancing musculoskeletal health through exercise interventions, rehabilitation programs, and assistive devices are discussed as critical approaches to mitigate these biomechanical changes and improve mobility outcomes in aging populations. By elucidating the intricate relationship between musculoskeletal biomechanics, mobility limitations, and fall risk, this review provides insights into effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to promote healthy aging and enhance quality of life.