Ciência e Tecnologia Veterinária

Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB) is one of the main diseases caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. M. bovis can infect wide range of domestic and wild animals including human. In Ethiopia, the endemic nature of bovine tuberculosis in domestic animals has long been reported and recent studies also showed that BTB is endemic mainly in cattle, in large parts of the country with considerable magnitude. The disease found to be less prevalent in rural area with characteristics of small holder farms rearing mainly Zebu cattle. However, on urban and semi-urban areas, market oriented production system leads to farming of high grade dairy cattle over a longer period of time exhibiting high prevalence level of the disease.

This senior seminar was conducted to review the reproductive and productive performance of indigenous dairy cattle in Ethiopia. The age at first service in different indigenous breed of cattle are 55 month, 44.8month, 53.9month, 34.4month for Horro, Fogera, Borana and Ogaden cattle respectively. The average age at first calving was 35-53 months, calving interval was 12-24 months, number of services per conception was 2.1, days open was 250 days and reproductive lifespan of breeding female and male was 11-13 and 6.5 years respectively. The milk yield and lactation length was 1.09 liter/day/cow and 273.9 days respectively. The major problems for dairy cattle productivity in the Ethiopia were shortages of feed, diseases, repeat breeding and poor veterinary service, inadequate supply of improved cattle breeds and poor breeding system. The reproductive and productive performance of indigenous dairy cow in the Ethiopia was low, thus it calls attention to improve management system to improve the reproductive and productive performance of dairy cows.

The study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of Peanut Meal (PM) with concentrate feeds on milk physical quality and milk composition. Changeover design was used in three periods each comprising 25 days plus the first seven days for adaptation and ten days for wash out residual effect between consecutive periods. Treatment diet was PM while Soya Bean Meal (SBM) was used as control leveled at a ratio of 100PM: 0SBM (T1), 50PM: 50SBM (T2) and 0PM: 100SBM (T3). The basal diets were maize, wheat bran, minerals and vitamin premix while grass hay and corn silage were fed ad libitum. Results of analysis of chemical composition of milk shows that there was highly significant difference (P<0.05) in milk fat due to treatments and stages of lactation (3.52, 3.59 and 3.65) for T1, T2, T3 and (3.58). The CP% of milk was different among treatments (3.6, 3.61 and 3.63 of T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Result of Sensory evaluation of milk showed significant difference only in color. Generally, the experiment showed that replacement of peanut meal for soybean meal has improved the milk qualities. Therefore, I recommend peanut meal for dairy producer to use as a supplement.

This article aims to explore the importance of understanding the gut microbiome in companion animals and its implications for nutrition, health, and disease. The gut microbiome refers to the complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, which play a crucial role in maintaining overall health. This review examines the current knowledge on the gut microbiome in companion animals, highlighting its composition, functions, and interactions with the host. Additionally, it discusses the impact of nutrition on the gut microbiome and its implications for the animal's health and susceptibility to various diseases. Understanding the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome, nutrition, and disease can provide valuable insights into developing strategies for promoting optimal health and preventing or managing disease in companion animals.

This study explores the application of wearable sensor technology for enhancing animal welfare in livestock through monitoring and analysis of behavioral patterns. Animal welfare is a critical aspect of livestock management, ensuring the well-being and health of animals. Traditional methods of assessing animal welfare rely on subjective observations and manual monitoring, which can be time-consuming and prone to human error. The utilization of wearable sensor technology offers a novel approach to monitor animal behavior in real-time, enabling early detection of potential welfare issues. This research investigates various types of wearable sensors, such as accelerometers and GPS trackers, and their ability to collect data on behavioral patterns in livestock. The collected data is analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify abnormal behaviors and indicators of stress or discomfort. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of wearable sensor technology in improving animal welfare by facilitating proactive management and targeted interventions.

Telemedicine has emerged as a promising tool in veterinary care, enabling remote diagnosis and treatment for animals. This comparative study aims to evaluate the advancements in telemedicine technologies and their effectiveness in veterinary practice. By examining various remote diagnosis and treatment modalities, including teleconsultations, teletriage, and telemonitoring, this research sheds light on their benefits, challenges, and potential applications in veterinary care. The study analyzes data from veterinary clinics utilizing telemedicine and compares outcomes with traditional in-person veterinary care. The findings contribute to the understanding of telemedicine's role in enhancing veterinary services and animal welfare.