Medicina Nuclear e Radioterapia

Cancer is a condition that causes body cells to divide out of control and spread to different site. Practically it can occur anywhere in the billions of cells present in human body. Carcinogen is the substance that causes cancer. Epidemiological evidence suggests that quitting smoking, increasing fruit and vegetable eating, and controlling infections will all help to lower cancer rates. Other factors include avoiding excessive sun exposure, increasing physical activity, and reducing alcohol and perhaps red meat consumption. Modification of sex hormone levels is anticipated to be required for a significant reduction in breast cancer, and the development of viable technologies for doing so is a top research goal. The potential protective roles of certain antioxidants and other components of fruits and vegetables need to be clarified. Damage to the DNA of cancer cells causes the aberrant growth and division seen in this cell. Damage to and defects in cellular DNA can occur in a variety of ways. Environmental variables, such as cigarette smoke exposure, can set off a cascade of process that can leads DNA abnormalities, which further to cancer.it can occur through hereditary transmission. When cancer cells reproduce and proliferate, they frequently turn into tumour, which is a clump of cancer cells. Tumors pressurise, crush, and kill surrounding tissue, causing many of the symptoms of cancer. Normally human cells produce new cells by process of cell division according to body requirement. When cell get damaged and or became old they die and new cell are form and occupies their position. This multistep process can break down, causing aberrant to grow further reproduce.

Introduction: Technologists working in Nuclear Medicine are exposed to radiation when doing tasks such as labeling/synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals, radiopharmaceutical administration, scan acquisition, and radiation survey. When working with therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals, the radiation dose could be significantly higher. The radiation dosage to the technologist in this study involved synthesis of Lu-177-DOTATATE (DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate) and PSMA-617(Prostate specific membrane Antigen) was estimated. Aim: The purpose of this study is to calculate the whole-body radiation dose to a technologist who is involved in the labelling of two different Lu-177 labelled compounds, namely Lu-177 DOTATATE and Lu-177- PSMA, and to compare the occupational burden to the dose limits recommended by India's Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. Materials and methods: A survey meter cum contamination monitor was used to detect radiation levels before the start of the labelling in the Hot lab by maintaining it at the area where the technologist generally stands during synthesis. An instant personal monitoring device like electronic pocket dosimeter was used by the technologist at chest level, performing the labelling of Lu177 (135mci to 520mci) received fortnightly by our department. Data were collected for 16 syntheses of Lu-177 DOTATATE and13 syntheses of Lu-177 PSMA-617 followed by the quality control. Mean time required to complete synthesis of Lu-177 DOTATATE and Lu-177 PSMA-617 was 52.68min and 52.39min respectively. Mean whole body radiation dose was 0.041 ± 0.004 mSv and 0.037±0.002mSv. Higher dose was obtained during the synthesis of Lu-177 DOTATATE. Conclusion: Data suggest that during the manual radio labelling of Lu -177 compounds, the whole-body radiation exposure to technologist is within the limits prescribed by AERB.