Jornal de Histologia Molecular e Fisiologia Médica

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) represents a group of inherited disorders characterized by the development of numerous fluid-filled cysts within the kidneys. This review explores the epidemiology and risk factors associated with PKD, focusing on both autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD) forms. ADPKD, primarily caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, affects approximately 1 in 400 to 1,000 individuals globally, making it one of the most common genetic disorders affecting the kidneys. ARPKD, less prevalent yet severe, manifests early in life due to mutations in the PKHD1 gene.

Risk factors for PKD include family history, with ADPKD showing variable penetrance and genetic mutations leading to abnormal cystic proliferation in renal tissue. Clinical manifestations vary widely, from asymptomatic cysts to progressive renal failure, necessitating timely diagnosis and management. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of PKD is crucial for early detection, genetic counseling and therapeutic interventions aimed at delaying disease progression and improving patient outcomes.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy holds promise for treating various diseases due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. However, its clinical translation faces significant regulatory challenges. This abstract explores the current landscape of clinical trials involving MSC therapy, highlighting regulatory hurdles such as standardization of protocols, safety concerns and ethical considerations. Understanding these challenges is crucial for advancing MSC therapy from experimental studies to widespread clinical application, ensuring both efficacy and patient safety.

The landscape of cancer diagnosis has dramatically evolved over the past few decades, primarily driven by advancements in molecular and histopathological techniques. These developments have revolutionized our understanding of cancer biology, enabling more accurate, early and personalized diagnosis, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes. This article delves into the significant advances in these techniques and their implications for cancer diagnosis.

Parotid gland cancer, a rare but significant malignancy, poses considerable challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its heterogeneous nature. Recent advancements in molecular biology have unveiled critical insights into the molecular pathways driving parotid cancer. This review aims to elucidate the key molecular mechanisms involved in parotid cancer pathogenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets that could pave the way for novel treatment strategies.