Jornal de Histologia Molecular e Fisiologia Médica

A wide variety of microbial communities found in human milk have positive benefits on health, including colonisation and gut development in young children. In this study, we described the bacterial communities in the Egyptian mother-infant pairs throughout the first year of life while they were breastfed normally. Forty-one isolates were chosen for probiotic potential out of one hundred isolates. The physical and biochemical profiles of the chosen isolates were created. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic trees between the isolates' sequence and the closest sequences in the database, the taxonomic evidence of these isolates was examined. The isolates were identified as belonging to three genera: Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Lactococcus based on taxonomic and biochemical evidence. With a high incidence of its many species, the genus Lactobacillus was the most prevalent one in samples of human milk and faeces (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus gasseri and Lacticaseibacillus casei). Interestingly, BlastN and Jalview alignment findings showed that six isolates had poor identity ratios with database sequences (less than 95%). The distinct physiological, biochemical and probiotic characteristics of these isolates substantiated this differentiation. The isolate L. delbrueckii, ASO 100, which had the best probiotic and antibacterial characteristics and the lowest identity ratio, is highly likely to be a new species. Probiotic tests and ultrastructural analysis were performed on nine isolates and the results showed that these isolates had a high potential for use as preventative and therapeutic agents in the treatment of intestinal pathogens due to their antibiotic resistance and antibacterial activity as well as their high probiotic characteristics.

A cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene molecule known as vitamin D is primarily engaged in bone health and calcium metabolism, but it is also implicated in autophagy, gut microbiota regulation, cell proliferation, immune system activity and intestinal barrier integrity. Sunlight, dietary sources and vitamin D supplementation are all sources of vitamin D. Sunlight exposure causes the human epidermis to create vitamin D3, the most useful form of vitamin D. To convert vitamin D into its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, it must go through two hydroxylation events in the liver and kidney. Recent research has uncovered a wide range of intricate roles that contribute to the health of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, it was suggested that vitamin D administration in addition to conventional eradication therapy might improve H. pylori eradication rates due to its antimicrobial action. Furthermore, it was proposed that low vitamin D levels may possibly have a role in the development of H. pylori infection. When there is a maternal vitamin D shortage, the detrimental effects of celiac disease may start even during foetal life. In addition to being connected with the histological findings of disease severity, vitamin D is also substantially correlated with the integrity of the gut barrier, which constitutes the core of the pathophysiology of celiac disease beginning. The role of vitamin D in maintaining lung function by reducing airway inflammation and inhibiting pathogen airway colonisation lends evidence to the link between this micronutrient and cystic fibrosis. Additionally, CF patients may get anticatabolic effects from this vitamin. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease also benefit significantly from adequate levels of circulating vitamin D, demonstrating the vitamin's role in both induction and remission in these patients. Vitamin D levels in these patients should be closely watched in order to prevent hypo- and hypervitaminosis, despite the fact that the findings addressing the connections between vitamin D, food allergies, diarrhoea and constipation are still debatable. To close the remaining gaps in our understanding of the complicated influence of vitamin D on gastrointestinal homeostasis, more research is necessary.

Females with germline BRCA1/BRCA2 (BRCA) P/LPV are given a tight surveillance programme from the ages of 25 to 30 that includes risk-reduction interventions and aims to detect certain cancer types early. Numerous national and international surveillance standards have been created and updated over the past 20 years by a wide range of countries from all over the world. Between January 1, 2015 and May 1, 2022, we searched for regulations that had been published. A few notable examples include variations in primary prevention recommendations, mammography screening in young (30 years) carriers, MRI screening in carriers older than 65 years, any breast imaging after a risk-reducing bilateral mastectomy, while pregnant or nursing and hormone replacement therapy. Beyond official advice, BRCA carriers' concerns also centre on fertility preservation, the management of menopausal symptoms in cancer survivors and pancreatic cancer surveillance; some of these fears lack adequate evidence to warrant evidence-based recommendations. This paper examines these unresolved issues and emphasises the importance of further investigation in facilitating the harmonisation of global standards for the best monitoring strategies. The unmet need for individualised risk assessment and follow-up in BRCA P/LPV carriers is also brought to light.

In younger men, testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most often identified cancers. Traditional tumour markers, such as -fetoprotein, provide assistance for tracking the progression and recurrence of disease (AFP). It has been noted that elevated levels of AFP, which are biologically produced in the liver and can be found in patients with testicular cancer as well as under other benign liver disorders, might lead to a mistaken interpretation of the clinical course of TGCT. In freshly diagnosed TGCTs, a group of stem cell-associated microRNAs have been shown to outperform conventional tumour markers, however it has never been shown how well these microRNAs can distinguish between particular and non-specific AFP increases. We describe a patient with chronic hepatitis B, normal liver-related blood values and increased AFP levels who also had a primary TGCT that had been surgically excised. First-line PEB chemotherapy was given after clinical staging identified a questionable retroperitoneal metastatic lymph node and other risk factors. Significantly increasing AFP levels during curative therapy led to the suspicion of chemo-resistant illness, necessitating the start of salvage chemotherapy and the surgical removal of the suspected lymph node metastases. With the cessation of chemotherapy, the AFP levels continued to drop, demonstrating chemotherapy-induced liver harm due to pre-existing liver illness. Serum samples with high AFP levels did not contain serum levels of MiR-371a-3p. In conclusion, miR-371a-3p might be a useful biomarker for TGCT patients to distinguish between non-specific AFP rises.

Mycotic nasal cavity and paranasal sinus infections in non-human primates (NHPs) are relatively uncommon diseases of the upper respiratory tract. This case study describes the clinical and pathological features. A 23-year-old primiparous female Sumatran orangutan residing at Perth Zoo in Western Australia developed intermittent episodes of right-sided epistaxis. An ulcerative nasal mass was identified from a diagnostic endoscopy. The mass was initially biopsied and showed the morphological characteristics of a dematiaceous fungal organism upon a histological examination. There were prominent mucosal and sub-mucosal granulomatous infiltrates containing histocytes, giant cells and lymphocytes admixed with fewer numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils surrounding the fungal organism. The organism was identified as Curvularia sp. by the fungal characteristics associated with the histopathology, culture growth and PCR analysis. The mass was subsequently removed with endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and the orangutan was medically treated with itraconazole for several months. The recovery was uneventful and the orangutan returned to full health.