Jornal de Histologia Molecular e Fisiologia Médica

Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are treated with chemotherapy, surgical excision with a safe margin, and radiation. Although good results have been reported in patients with non-metastatic sarcomas, patients with metastatic or recurring sarcomas continue to have poor outcomes. To battle metastatic or reoccurring sarcomas, new medications or adjustments to existing treatments are required. This special issue included new research and reviews on therapeutic targets, anticancer medicines, immunotherapy, and treatment for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. This special issue included several papers and reviews on aberrant gene expression in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. When Simpson et al. analysed gene expression in canine osteosarcomas and non-tumor tissue, they discovered 1281 significantly differently expressed genes (839 lower and 442 greater gene expression), with qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry verifying a selection of them. Greither et al. also investigated the role of miR-155-5p and miR-203a-3p expression in soft tissue sarcoma patients' prognosis. In this study, higher miR-155-5p expression was linked to a higher tumour stage, while low miR-203a-3p expression and high miR-155-5p expression were both linked to poor survival in patients with soft tissue sarcomas.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for around 27% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide, making it a major public health concern. Healing necessitates the complete and permanent removal of the tumour (generally by surgery or radiation [RT]), while significant shrinkage (usually by systemic therapy) may result in long-term disease control. In the absence of treatments, host-tumor interactions, which are major factors in disease progression in the natural history, will have a considerable impact on disease progression, with treatments primarily aiming at shifting the host-tumor balance toward improvement or, if possible, healing. As a result, complete tumoral excision (and, if possible, oligometastatic sickness) remains the preferred treatment, with the goal that the host-immune response will remove microscopic residual disease, maybe with the help of systemic adjuvant medicines.

The use of a subunit viral vaccine to prevent a specific viral illness hasn't shown to be very effective. This contrasts with the time when the entire Cowpox virus was used for vaccination to prevent the smallpox virus epidemic in China over a thousand years ago, when Edward Jenner accepted it as a scientific approach despite the lack of protection. Immunology is now better understood than it has ever been before. Subunit viral vaccines became the most preferred approach for viral vaccine manufacture in order to avoid negative effects. On the other hand, many forms of viral immunizations failed to match our achievement. Why viral immunizations aren't successful for everyone is a point of contention.

Mutations in dominant oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes are common in human cancer. Many molecular approaches are used to discover these aberrations, including single-strand conformational polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and sequencing. However, the biological significance of these changes is not always clear. In neoplastic vs. normal cells, immunohistochemistry (ICH) or western blotting of aberrant gene products can offer information about their cellular localization and expression, as well as a suggestion about their function. For example, ICH has found that loss of the intercellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin, or abnormal location of E-cadherin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm, is linked to a wide range of tumour phenotypes and a poor prognosis.

Meissner corpuscles were first described in 1852 by Professor Georg Meissner and Professor Rudolf Wagner. Wagner-Meissner corpuscles or tactile corpuscles are other names for them. The dermal papillae of glabrous skin contain these unique encapsulated nerve terminals, which transmit delicate touch and low-frequency vibration sensations to the central nervous system (CNS). Meissner corpuscles are vital for somatosensory acuity, especially in the digital extremities and palmar skin, and have clinical implications for peripheral and diabetic neuropathy, as well as age-related dermatological tactile sensibility degradation. Meissner corpuscles are ellipsoid mechanoreceptors located superficially inside the dermal papillae at a depth of roughly 150 micrometres.