Revista de Imunobiologia

Inflammatory diseases arise from dysregulated immune responses, and recent research has focused on the role of innate immunity in their pathogenesis. The innate immune system, comprising physical barriers, Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and immune cells, plays a crucial role in initiating and regulating inflammation. However, aberrant innate immune activation can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. This article explores the significance of innate immunity in driving inflammation and highlights the emergence of targeted therapies aimed at modulating innate immune responses. By understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying innate immune dysregulation, researchers are developing novel therapies to treat a range of inflammatory diseases.

The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a vital role in human health and disease. In recent years, emerging evidence has highlighted the profound influence of gut microbiota on immune system development and function. This article aims to explore the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and the immune system, emphasizing the impact of gut microbial composition, diversity and metabolites on immune system maturation, homeostasis and response to pathogens. Furthermore, it delves into the potential implications of dysbiosis or an imbalance in gut microbial communities, in the development of immune-mediated disorders. Understanding the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and the immune system can open new avenues for therapeutic interventions and personalized medicine approaches. The gut microbiota exerts a significant influence on immune system development, function and response to pathogens. Targeted modulation of the gut microbiota composition and metabolites may offer strategies to prevent and treat immune-mediated disorders. Precision medicine approaches, utilizing microbiome profiling and immune biomarkers, could help identify individuals at risk of immune dysregulation and guide personalized therapeutic interventions.

Kounis syndrome also known as allergic angina syndrome is defined as the occurrence of an acute coronary syndrome concomitantly with hypersensitivity reaction. It was first described in 1991 by Kounis and Zavras. It is a rare syndrome and is often an under diagnosed phenomenon as physicians are unaware of the condition. We discuss a 54 years old female Sri Lankan patient who developed Kounis syndrome following Oxford Astra Zeneca COVID-19 vaccination. The patient initially developed anaphylaxis following the Astra Zeneca COVID-19 vaccine and subsequently developed acute coronary syndrome secondary to anaphylaxis. Patient was treated appropriately and eventually recovered from her condition. This syndrome should be suspected when there is concurrent acute coronary syndrome with allergic reactions. Care givers should be aware of its pathophysiology as treatment of either of the two may worsen the other injury.

The present study involves the synthesis, characterization and immunogenicity of Gold Nanoparticle (GNP) conjugated recombinant AprV2 protein of Dichelobactor nodosus. To achieve this, GNPs of size 20 nm were prepared and characterized. The gold nanoparticles effectively adsorbed 3.3 μg of recombinant AprV2 protein over the surface. TEM studies revealed corona of AprV2 over GNPs (1-2 nm thick) in GNPs-AprV2 conjugate. Further, GNP-AprV2 conjugate revealed a red shift from 523 nm to 532 nm, indicating increased size of GNPs after conjugation with AprV2. To evaluate the immunogenic response, mice were allotted to 5 different groups. Mice in group I injected with GNP-AprV2 conjugate, group II with GNP-AprV2 with MPLA (Monophosphoryl lipid A), group III with AprV2 on its own, group IV with GNPs and group V with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). The highest antibody responses against the AprV2 were recorded in pooled sera from mice of group II compared to group me and III on day 28. Among all groups, the group II mice vaccinated with GNP-AprV2/ MPLA exhibited the highest IgG levels. The third dose of vaccine formulations did not enhance antibody levels. This study is a first report studying the immunogenic effect of conjugation of GNPs with rAprV2 of D. nodosus.