Arquivos de Oncologia Cirúrgica

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), a malignant soft tissue tumor arising from smooth muscle cells, presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have shown limited efficacy, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Among these, targeted therapy has emerged as a promising approach, offering the potential to improve outcomes for patients with LMS. In this article, we delve into the current landscape of targeted therapy for LMS and explore the promising future directions in this field.

Fluorescence-Guided Surgery (FGS) has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing intraoperative visualization and precision in tumor resection. Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) offer a targeted approach to FGS, facilitating the selective binding of fluorescent probes to tumor-specific antigens. In this review, we explore the applicability of mAbs in FGS across various solid tumors. We systematically analyze recent literature to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mAb-based FGS strategies in different tumor types, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, and others. Key aspects such as target selection, fluorescent probe conjugation, imaging modalities, and clinical outcomes are discussed. Furthermore, we address challenges and limitations associated with the clinical translation of mAb-based FGS, including antigen heterogeneity, probe pharmacokinetics, and regulatory considerations. Strategies for overcoming these hurdles and optimizing mAb-based FGS for broader clinical utility are proposed. Overall, this review highlights the potential of monoclonal antibodies as valuable tools for improving surgical outcomes in solid tumor resection through enhanced intraoperative visualization and precise tumor targeting. This abstract provides a brief overview of the review's scope, methodologies, key findings, and implications, giving readers an insight into the content covered in the full review.

Metastatic melanoma represents a formidable challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and propensity for spreading to distant sites. While systemic therapies have revolutionized the management of metastatic melanoma, surgical interventions remain integral components of treatment strategies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of surgery in metastatic melanoma, highlighting recent advancements in understanding melanoma's molecular characteristics and their implications for surgical management. One significant advancement is the recognition of the importance of complete surgical resection in achieving optimal outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma. Surgeons strive to achieve clear margins while minimizing functional and cosmetic impact, often utilizing techniques such as Mohs micrographic surgery or sentinel lymph node biopsy to enhance precision and minimize tissue damage. Moreover, the advent of minimally invasive surgical techniques has expanded treatment options for metastatic melanoma patients. Procedures such as laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery offer the potential for faster recovery times, reduced postoperative pain, and improved cosmetic outcomes compared to traditional open surgery.

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling pathway has emerged as a promising target in CRC due to its pivotal role in regulating cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in CRC and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway for CRC treatment. We explore the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in CRC, highlighting ongoing challenges and future directions in harnessing this pathway for improved patient outcomes.