Astrofísica e Tecnologia Aeroespacial

The Particle Universe

Abstract

Edwin Zong

The photon mass was initially described in the Compton equation where the Compton wavelength of a particle is equivalent to the wavelength of a photon whose energy is the same as the “rest”-mass energy of the “particle”. The m is the photon mass, C is the speed of light and h is Planck's constant: λ=h/mc. However, most scientists deny photon’s mass status. In this paper, the author will assure you that photons have mass, which also happens to serve the base for all gravitational power/positional energy that exists today after a big bang. Furthermore, the photon as an energy carrier has its actual physical existence which can be inferred by nuclear force: at distances less than 0.7 fm (fm, or 1.0 × 10-¹�?¢�?�?µmetres), the nuclear force becomes repulsive where the phenomenon of such repulsive component is responsible for the physical size of the nuclei. All nuclear power (strong or weak) existing after a big bang derives from a big bang’s photon/radiation. In this paper, the author also assures you that neutrinos are dark matter that floats in the space chilling with electrons (- and �?¢�?�?º) where the gamma ray burst is just a cosmic-sized volume of our well-studied experiment in our lab: e- + e�?¢�?�?º → γ + γ! The primary objective of this study is to uncover the unified origin for both mass and energy in the universe along with their evolutionary path in the discipline of Newtonian physics.