Clinical and Medical Case Reports

Potential Therapeutic Role of Estradiol Agonists and Androgen Antagonists in COVID-19

Abstract

Melissa Suma and Haibo Zhang

Epidemiological data from the COVID-19 pandemic shows increased severity and mortality among males compared with females. Several studies offer evidence that this disparity may be, in part, due to sex hormone biases contributing to different outcomes in SARS-CoV-2, suggesting hormone therapy as a potential combination treatment alongside antivirals in COVID-19. This review explores the potential mechanisms by which estrogen and androgen have distinct impacts on the development of COVID-19.