Jornal de Genômica Clínica e Médica

Plant, Animal and Human Genome Editing and Genetic Engineering

Abstract

Kirsten Ellegaard

Genome editing and genetic engineering represent ground breaking technologies with profound implications across the realms of plants, animals, and humans. In the plant kingdom, these technologies offer revolutionary prospects for agriculture, enabling the development of crops with enhanced nutritional content, resilience to environmental stress, and resistance to pests and diseases. Techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 have expedited the precision and efficiency of plant genome editing, ushering in a new era of targeted crop improvement. This has the potential to address global challenges related to food security, sustainable agriculture, and adaptation to changing climates. In the context of animals, genome editing presents opportunities for advancements in agriculture, biotechnology, and even conservation efforts. Genetically modified animals can be designed for improved meat production, disease resistance, or as bioreactors for pharmaceutical production. In conservation, genetic engineering holds promise for the preservation of endangered species by mitigating threats such as diseases and habitat loss. However, ethical considerations surrounding the welfare of genetically modified animals and potential ecological consequences necessitate careful evaluation and regulation.