Jornal de Histologia Molecular e Fisiologia Médica

New Techniques in Molecular Biology

Abstract

Lakshmi Bhai

A branch of biology known as molecular biology studies how genes are translated into RNA, how that RNA is then translated into proteins, and how those proteins affect cellular function. Since around 1960, molecular biologists have created techniques to recognise, separate, and work with the molecules that make up cells, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. One of the most crucial methods in molecular biology is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which essentially copies DNA. A single DNA sequence can be amplified into millions of DNA molecules using the PCR method. Additionally, DNA mutations or unique restriction enzyme sites can be introduced via PCR. Additionally, PCR is used to find out if a specific DNA fragment is present in a cDNA library. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), which amplifies RNA, and quantitative PCR (QPCR), which counts the amount of RNA or DNA present, are two different forms of PCR.