Toxicologia Ambiental e Analítica

Geochemistry and Acute Toxicity in Rat of Calabash Clay Consumed in Douala (Cameroon)

Abstract

Hermine Danielle Fouda Menye Ebana, Augustine Kuinze Nkojap, Yacouba Mapoure, Sebastien Owona, Alain Bertrand Dongmo and Samuel Honore Mandengue

Background: Calabash chalk geophagia commonly consumed in Sub-Saharan countries such as Cameroon may be a source of potential harmful elements such as lead and mercury. We sought to determine its geochemical composition on representative sample collected in the central market of Douala and evaluate their acute toxicity profile using rat.

Methods: The geochemical analysis of three prototypes of Calabash chalk samples collected in the Douala central market, their main place of supply in the town, has been performed using the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) for major and trace elements respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines test No 423.

Results: The geochemistry displays the Al₂O₃ as their main major component with iron, titanium, cerium and zinc as metal and metalloid trace elements. No acute toxicity was found in rat after administration of 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Conclusion: Calabash chalk belong to the kaolinite family which had showed evidence for digestive pharmacologic propriety. Their acute consumption may be less toxic while toxicity profile of chronic consumption should be investigated.