Journal of Interventional and General Cardiology

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: Causes, Consequences and Current Treatments

Abstract

James Aiden

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) represents a complex pathophysiological entity characterized by impaired coronary microcirculation function. While traditionally overshadowed by epicardial coronary artery disease, CMD has emerged as a significant contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review synthesizes the current understanding of CMD, encompassing its multifactorial etiology, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and metabolic derangements. Moreover, the consequences of CMD, ranging from angina pectoris to myocardial infarction and heart failure, are elucidated. Treatment strategies for CMD remain challenging due to its heterogeneous nature, but recent advancements in pharmacotherapy, lifestyle interventions and revascularization techniques offer promising avenues. This comprehensive review underscores the imperative for continued research efforts aimed at unraveling the intricate mechanisms of CMD and optimizing therapeutic approaches to mitigate its clinical impact.