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A Discrete Segment Method that takes into Account P-Delta Effects

Abstract

Alan Kirkpatrick

The rocking response of masonry walls subjected to Out-Of-Plane (OOP) loadings is described using a discrete macro-element that takes into account P-Delta effects in this paper. The Discrete Macro-Element Method (DMEM), which is a modelling strategy with a very low computational cost in comparison to traditional Distinct Element Method (DEM) and detailed finite element strategies, takes into account constitutive as well as geometric nonlinearities. Seismic-affected unreinforced masonry buildings commonly suffer severe damage due to OOP failure mechanisms. These systems are by and large actuated by low seismic excitation and removals. However, once they are activated, they have the potential to evolve toward significant displacements with rigid-block-like kinematics that have a significant impact on the nonlinear mechanical response.